What distinguishes concurrent validity from predictive validity?

The distinction between concurrent validity and predictive validity primarily revolves around the timing of the assessment. Concurrent validity assesses the relationship between a new measure and an established measure when both are evaluated at the same time. This means that both the new and the traditional assessments are administered simultaneously to the same group of subjects. It is concerned with how well the new measure correlates with a criterion that is measured at the same point in time.

In contrast, predictive validity refers to the extent to which a score on a measure can predict future performance or outcomes that are measured at a later time. This involves administering the assessment and then following up at a later date to see how well the initial scores forecast future results.

This temporal aspect is crucial in differentiating the two types of validity; therefore, it is the timing of the prediction that serves as the defining characteristic. The other factors, such as type of data used, population being tested, or instrumentation method, may influence both types of validity, but they do not create the primary distinction between concurrent and predictive validity.