Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functional obsolescence?

Functional obsolescence refers to a reduction in a property's value due to inefficiencies or deficiencies in its design that affect its desirability in the market. Characteristics of functional obsolescence include outdated features or layouts that don't meet current market demands.

Outdated plumbing systems can reflect a lack of modernization, leading to decreased functionality and appeal. Having too many bedrooms for the neighborhood suggests an incongruity within the market, as homes are expected to fit certain criteria based on local demographics, which can make them less desirable. Similarly, a poor layout that does not align with what buyers prefer can deter potential buyers, marking these features as functional obsolescence.

On the other hand, changes in zoning laws are not inherently a characteristic of functional obsolescence. Zoning laws are regulations set by local governments that dictate how land can be used, and while they can influence property value and desirability, they do not reflect the internal inefficiencies or design flaws of the property itself. As such, changes in zoning laws relate more to external regulatory context rather than the functional characteristics of a property.